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Cross-bridge cycle
Sliding filament model
Myosin "power stroke"
Muscle
fibers
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Type I
(slow oxidative) |
Type IIa
(fast oxidative) |
Type IIx (IIb)
(fast glycolytic) |
| The Krebs Cycle |
Hans
Adolph Krebs (left) shared the 1953 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine
for his discovery of the citric acid cycle. At the prize ceremony,
the presenter stated,
"It was Krebs who
discovered how these individual reactions are linked to each other
in a cyclic process. He brought us a clear understanding of the
essential principle of how the released energy is used for the
building up processes which take place within the cell."
(The
prize was shared with Fritz Albert Lipmann for his discovery of the role
of Coenzyme A. Click on Hans's portrait for more information.) |
 The
ferris wheel is one model for how the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
works.
Coenzyme A escorts a molecule of acetyl
(obtained from glycolysis) into the cycle, just as the ride operator
escorts riders onto the ferris wheel. Instead of getting into a car,
the acetyl molecule is transferred to a "carrier" molecule to
form citric acid. As this combined molecule completes the cycle, the
"passenger" is broken apart and pieces "fly off" and
away from the cycle. The "car" returns empty, ready to
pick up another "passenger." Some of the "flying
pieces" are high-energy electrons that are escorted to the ETS by
coenzymes and their energy eventually transferred to ATP.
(The photo
above was taken by Kevin Patton
during a recent Study Tour in France. This
gigantic wheel is located in Place du Concord in Paris.) |
The
Hindenburg zeppelin, a blimp filled with hydrogen gas (H2),
exploded as it attempted to land at Lakehurst NJ near New York City in
May, 1937.
Although the explosion is now thought to
have been caused by lightning that set off an explosive powdered aluminum
coating on the skin of the balloon, this disaster was originally thought
to be primarily an explosion of hydrogen gas --thus effectively ending the
age of the H2 zeppelins.
In aerobic cellular respiration, H2
produced in the mitochondria (ETS) is oxidized immediately before it can
build up to an explosive amount. Thus the need for O2.
(Click on the image to see more
information, including video of the disaster.) |
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This Learning Outline may
be updated or improved at any time.
Check back frequently or use
the link to the right to inform you of changes.
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© 1988-April, 2007 Kevin
Patton
ALL rights reserved This page
updated 04/01/07
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