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Muscle Animations

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Lion Den -> Anatomy & Physiology -> Course Info -> A&P 1 -> A&P 1 Outlines -> Muscles -> MUSCLE ANIMATIONS

Cross-bridge cycle

Sliding filament model

From http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Myosin "power stroke"

From http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Muscle fibers

Click on photo for original source Type I
(slow oxidative)
Type IIa
(fast oxidative)
Type IIx (IIb)
(fast glycolytic)
The Krebs Cycle
Hans Krebs   source: www.nobel.seHans Adolph Krebs (left) shared the 1953 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the citric acid cycle.  At the prize ceremony, the presenter stated, 

"It was Krebs who discovered how these individual reactions are linked to each other in a cyclic process. He brought us a clear understanding of the essential principle of how the released energy is used for the building up processes which take place within the cell."

 (The prize was shared with Fritz Albert Lipmann for his discovery of the role of Coenzyme A.  Click on Hans's portrait for more information.)

The ferris wheel is one model for how the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) works. 

Coenzyme A escorts a molecule of acetyl (obtained from glycolysis) into the cycle, just as the ride operator escorts riders onto the ferris wheel.  Instead of getting into a car, the acetyl molecule is transferred to a "carrier" molecule to form citric acid.  As this combined molecule completes the cycle, the "passenger" is broken apart and pieces "fly off" and away from the cycle.  The "car" returns empty, ready to pick up another "passenger." Some of the "flying pieces" are high-energy electrons that are escorted to the ETS by coenzymes and their energy eventually transferred to ATP.

(The photo above was taken by Kevin Patton during a recent Study Tour in France.  This gigantic wheel  is located in Place du Concord in Paris.)

The Hindenburg zeppelin, a blimp filled with hydrogen gas (H2), exploded as it attempted to land at Lakehurst NJ near New York City in May, 1937.

Although the explosion is now thought to have been caused by lightning that set off an explosive powdered aluminum coating on the skin of the balloon, this disaster was originally thought to be primarily an explosion of hydrogen gas --thus effectively ending the age of the H2 zeppelins. 

In aerobic cellular respiration, H2 produced in the mitochondria (ETS) is oxidized immediately before it can build up to an explosive amount.  Thus the need for O2.

(Click on the image to see more information, including video of the disaster.)

 

This Learning Outline may be updated or improved at any time. 
Check back frequently or use the link to the right to inform you of changes.


 

       For hints on how to use this outline click here.

© 1988-April, 2007 Kevin Patton ALL rights reserved  This page updated 04/01/07

 

   

 

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