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Chemistry Models

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Lion Den -> Anatomy & Physiology -> Course Info -> A&P 1 -> A&P 1 Outlines -> Chemistry -> CHEMISTRY MODELS

 Bohr models

Bohr model of the helium (He) atom.  He has two protons in the nucleus and two electrons in its single energy level.

From http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

This (partial) periodic chart shows incomplete Bohr models (no nucleus).

Here, the energy levels are called "shells." 

From http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Electron cloud model

The electron cloud model shows electrons moving in a cloud around the nucleus.

From http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

 

In this covalent bond, two H atoms "share" their single electrons, to form a pair of shared electrons.

From http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Water molecule

Three models of a water molecule (polar)

From http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Molecules in water (solution)

glucose2.gif (6499 bytes)

In this space-filling model, glucose (center molecule) is a polar molecule with unequal sharing of electrons.  It dissolves easily in water because the positive regions of a water molecule are attracted to glucose's negative regions and the negative regions of a water molecule are attracted to glucose's positive regions --so they "get along"

From http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Na+H2O.gif (4483 bytes)Cl+H2O.gif (4709 bytes)

Ions, too, "get along" with water just fine!

Click on images to enlarge

From http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Glucose molecule

glucose3.gif (14591 bytes)

Two models of a glucose molecule: structural and space-filling.

From http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Phospholipid molecules

A              B

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A Structural model of a phospholipid

B Stick figure of a phospholipid

From http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Source: http://bio.winona.msus.edu/berg/Free.htm 

Phospholipid bilayer (a simple model)

bilayer.gif (116663 bytes)

Phospholipid bilayer (a current detailed model)

Click image to enlarge

Cholesterol molecule

Cholesterol (its steroid "core" or nucleus is highlighted)

Tertiary Protein

Hemo-beta-chain.gif (43660 bytes)

Computer model of a tertiary protein (hemoglobin beta unit)

Click image to enlarge

Quaternary Protein

Computer model of a quaternary protein (hemoglobin)

 

Check out this odd-shaped protein: click here

Allosteric effect

The allosteric effect in enzyme action.

From http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

DNA molecule

  

DNA molecule (left) is made up of nucleotides. Each DNA nucleotide is a sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, and a base (A, C, T, or G).

Adenine, represented as simply "A" in the DNA model, actually looks like this:

ATP molecule

ATP is a modified adenine-containing nucleotide.

 

This Learning Outline may be updated or improved at any time. 
Check back frequently or use the link to the right to inform you of changes.


 

       For hints on how to use this outline click here.

© 1988-April, 2007 Kevin Patton ALL rights reserved  This page updated 04/01/07

 

   

 

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